Japan Pivots to Nuclear Power and Renewables While Aiming for Major Emissions Cuts
Japan, the world's fifth-largest greenhouse gas emitter, achieved a 4% reduction in emissions to a record low for the year ending March 2024. The country has set an ambitious target to cut emissions by 46% compared to 2013 levels by 2030.
Following the Fukushima nuclear shutdowns, Japan increased its reliance on imported LNG and coal. However, the country's current energy plan envisions that renewables will supply 40-50% of power, coal use will be reduced to 30-40%, and nuclear energy will continue to play a significant role.
The plan aims for nuclear power to provide about 20% of total energy by 2040, with approximately 14 reactors already restarted and up to 30 in operation by that year.
In Fukushima prefecture, the Abukuma onshore windfarm, consisting of 46 turbines and costing ¥67 billion, became fully operational in April 2025, coinciding with the government's preview of the energy plan. Fukushima aims to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2040, with an interim goal of 70% by 2030. Currently, renewables account for about 60% of the prefecture's power, a substantial increase from 23% in 2011.
Additionally, the Tsuchiyu Onsen geothermal project generates 440 kW, powering roughly 800 homes. This project supports local recovery efforts by providing funds through feed-in tariffs that benefit tourism and industry.
The decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant has cost approximately £26 billion ($35 billion) so far. While evacuation efforts have reduced, some areas remain uninhabitable.
At COP30, Japan received the Fossil of the Day award due to criticisms of its slow decarbonisation progress. Environment Minister Ishihara was condemned for not endorsing President Lula's fossil-fuel transition roadmap.
