Tech Giants Advance Quantum Computing Amid Challenges and Opportunities
Microsoft and Google are racing to advance quantum computing, highlighting that applying quantum technology to artificial intelligence (AI) requires much more powerful hardware and further research. The quantum computing sector could be worth up to $97 billion (£74 billion) by 2035, whereas AI's value is forecasted in the trillions, with noted hype and volatility surrounding it.
There are approximately 200 quantum computers worldwide, though China has not disclosed its count. Current quantum hardware remains large and lab-based, requiring ultra-cold temperatures and lasers for operation. Some advances involve the use of synthetic diamonds to enable qubits to function closer to room temperature. For instance, De Beers’ Element Six launched a general-purpose quantum-grade diamond in 2020 and collaborated with Amazon Web Services (AWS) on optimizing such diamonds for future networks.
In December 2024, Google unveiled its Willow quantum chip, which it claims can solve a problem within five minutes that would take a classical supercomputer around 10 septillion years. Potential applications of quantum computing include drug discovery and personalised medicine, accelerating chemical processes and fertilizers, and the development of quantum sensors such as atomic clocks.
A quantum compass was tested in London’s Underground in 2023, indicating that quantum navigation concepts could enhance resilience to GPS jamming. The UK economically depends on GPS for approximately £1 billion per day. However, current encryption methods could be broken by quantum computers. To prepare, quantum-resistant encryption is being deployed, with the anticipated 'Q-day' estimated around 2030. Companies like Apple and Signal have already begun adopting post-quantum cryptographic keys.
